Now lets say there is another folder inside Download, \u201cmovies\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd movies<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Then you will find yourself inside, \/root\/Downloads\/movies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do a quick pwd to confirm \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Back trace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIn order to move up a directory, type in<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ..<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
This will move you up one directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Going by previous example you should be in \/root\/Downloads now<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are some shortcuts to help you navigate quickly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ..<\/strong> (with two dots) to move one directory up<\/li>cd <\/strong>to go straight to the home folder<\/li>cd-<\/strong> (with a hyphen) to move to your previous directory<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nOn a side note, Linux\u2019s shell is case sensitive. So, you have to type the name\u2019s directory exactly as it is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. ls command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nOn a GUI windows you can see what is inside a folder, but on a command line tool, you will need to list all the contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do it by typing in<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\nThere are variations you can use with the ls<\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\nls -R<\/strong> will list all the files in the sub-directories as well<\/li>ls -a<\/strong> will show the hidden files<\/li>ls -al<\/strong> will list the files and directories with detailed information like the permissions, size, owner, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. cat command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIf you want to quickly read what is inside a file on the command line itself, use cat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat<\/strong>\u00a0(short for concatenate) is used to list the contents of a file on the standard output (sdout). To run this command, type\u00a0cat<\/strong>\u00a0followed by the file\u2019s name and its extension. For instance:\u00a0cat file.txt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHere are other ways to use the cat<\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\ncat > filename <\/strong>creates a new file<\/li>cat filename1 filename2>filename3 <\/strong>joins two files (1 and 2) and stores the output of them in a new file (3)<\/li>to convert a file to upper or lower case use, cat filename | tr a-z A-Z >output.txt<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n5. cp command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThis I will agree with you, copying is not as easy as it would be on a GUI, but once you get a hang of it, its better I guess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Use the cp<\/strong> command to copy files from the current directory to a different directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor instance, the command\u00a0cp <filename><\/strong>\u00a0\/<directory to copy><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis would copy the grafana-7.1.1-1.x86_64.rpm to the tmp folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. mv command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nNow move has two purposes in everyday usage. First is to move files,duh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second is to rename files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The arguments are similar to the copy command, as you can look at it as copying the file and removing the original file from its place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The primary use of the mv<\/strong> command is to move files, although it can also be used to rename files.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe arguments in mv are similar to the cp command. You need to type mv<\/strong>, the file\u2019s name, and the destination\u2019s directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor example:\u00a0mv <filename><\/strong>\u00a0\/<directory to move><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThis will move the file grafana-7.1.1-1.x86_64.rpm to the etc folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Renaming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nTo rename files, the Linux command is mv oldname.ext newname.ext<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n7. mkdir command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nUse\u00a0mkdir<\/strong>\u00a0command to make a new directory \u2014 if you type\u00a0mkdir Download<\/strong>\u00a0it will create a directory called\u00a0Music<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThere are extra mkdir<\/strong> commands as well:<\/p>\n\n\n\nTo generate a new directory inside another directory, use this Linux basic command\u00a0mkdir Download\/Newfile<\/strong><\/li>use the\u00a0p\u00a0<\/strong>(parents) option to create a directory in between two existing directories. For example,\u00a0mkdir -p Download\/mid\/Newfile<\/strong>\u00a0will create the new \u201cmid\u201d file.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n8. rmdir command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIf you need to delete a directory, use the rmdir<\/strong> command. However, rmdir only allows you to delete empty directories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n9. rm command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe rm<\/strong> command is used to delete directories and the contents within them. If you only want to delete the directory \u2014 as an alternative to rmdir \u2014 use rm -r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNote<\/strong>: Be very careful with this command and double-check which directory you are in. This will delete everything and there is no undo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n10. sudo command<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nsudo means \u201csuperuser do\u201d, this means that you are the chosen one foe the system. You can install remove softwares, change permissions, create other users and just about do everything on the system that a normal user might not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>To Sum Up<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThis was only a short collection of Linux commands for newbies to get started with the terminal. I will publish more commands and help you get acquinted with the terminal better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Until then, Cheers! See you in the next one.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Linux can be daunting to some, especially if you have seen people working only through the terminal. Trust me, its not as complicated as it seems neither is it that hard to learn. The only issue is manufacturers do not Linux with their systems. What is Linux? The entire family<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledgebase"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7rQQixjPnrQv.png?fit=640%2C363&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ISfL-sX","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":670,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/comparing-oss-centos-ubuntu-or-debian\/","url_meta":{"origin":1795,"position":0},"title":"Comparing OSs — CentOS, Ubuntu or Debian?","author":"Daniel Draga","date":"September 28, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"CentOS \u009ewhich stands for Community Enterprise Operating System, is the result of a group of open source contributors and users working together to develop Linux solutions that are freely available to users who do not require a great deal of commercial support to achieve their goal. \u009eCentOS dedicated servers were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Knowledgebase"","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/centos-debian-ubuntu-06.png?fit=400%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":866,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/viruses-and-linux-and-linux-antiviruses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1795,"position":1},"title":"Viruses and Linux and Linux Antiviruses","author":"Daniel Draga","date":"January 19, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Viruses and Linux Computer viruses are pieces of software that replicate themselves on a computer. The replication means a virus is distributing itself all over your computer, making it tough to get rid of. Viruses seem to understand that there\u2019s safety in numbers. Viruses can destroy data or send it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Knowledgebase"","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1364034317531-690x336.jpg?fit=690%2C336&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1364034317531-690x336.jpg?fit=690%2C336&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1364034317531-690x336.jpg?fit=690%2C336&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3477,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/how-to-install-htop-on-linux\/","url_meta":{"origin":1795,"position":2},"title":"How To Install htop on Linux","author":"George B.","date":"June 9, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"When it comes to monitoring system resources, htop on Linux stands out as a powerful tool that provides a real-time, interactive view of your system's performance. Unlike traditional command-line utilities, htop offers a user-friendly interface with intuitive visualizations. In this article, we'll delve into the process of installing htop on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Tutorials"","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/How-To-Install-htop-on-Linux.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/How-To-Install-htop-on-Linux.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/How-To-Install-htop-on-Linux.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1195,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/remove-old-kernels-in-ubuntu\/","url_meta":{"origin":1795,"position":3},"title":"Remove Old Kernels in Ubuntu","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"October 27, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"For\u00a0Ubuntu\u00a0installations (prior to Ubuntu version 15.10) with\u00a0separate \/ boot partition\u00a0, it may fill up\u00a0after installing several updates\u00a0.\u00a0The issue occurs because older kernel versions are not automatically removed.\u00a0In this article, we'll show you how to manually uninstall older kernel versions, freeing up space in the \/ boot partition. Problem Installing new\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Tutorials"","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Aug30-Kernel-Team-Summary.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Aug30-Kernel-Team-Summary.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Aug30-Kernel-Team-Summary.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Aug30-Kernel-Team-Summary.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Aug30-Kernel-Team-Summary.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3392,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/locations-of-common-log-files-on-linux\/","url_meta":{"origin":1795,"position":4},"title":"Locations of Common Log Files on Linux","author":"George B.","date":"May 25, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"In this tutorial, we will take you on a journey through the labyrinth of directories and unveil the secret locations of common log files on Linux. 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