{"id":1311,"date":"2018-01-12T10:29:39","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T08:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/community.virtono.com\/?p=1311"},"modified":"2020-06-10T16:41:40","modified_gmt":"2020-06-10T13:41:40","slug":"varnish-web-accelerator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/","title":{"rendered":"Varnish Web accelerator"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Varnish<\/b>\u00a0is a web accelerator (reverse proxy), which provides relief for the actual web server (the backend).\u00a0It has been designed from the ground up just for this use, unlike traditional proxies (eg Squid).<\/p>\n<p>The project website can be found here:\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/#installation\" title=\"installation\">installation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/#configuration\" title=\"configuration\">configuration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/#statistics\" title=\"statistics\">statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/#Reload_the_Varnish_configuration\" title=\"Reload the Varnish configuration\">Reload the Varnish configuration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"installation\"><\/span><span id=\"Installation\" class=\"mw-headline\">installation<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Varnish is part of Debian (Wheezy: Version 3.0.2) and Ubuntu (Trusty: Version 3.0.5).\u00a0Meanwhile, there is Varnish 4.x, which is currently not included in any stable Debian \/ Ubuntu version.<\/p>\n<p>To install the 3.x version from the Debian \/ Ubuntu repository, proceed as follows:<\/p>\n<pre>apt-get install varnish\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>If you want a newer version (4.x) for Debian \/ Ubuntu, you can also directly integrate the repository of varnish-cache.org.\u00a0The instructions can be found here:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/installation\/debian\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/installation\/debian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/installation\/ubuntu\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/installation\/ubuntu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL \/ CentOS), there are packages in the Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repository at\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/fedoraproject.org\/wiki\/EPEL\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/fedoraproject.org\/wiki\/EPEL<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0For RHEL 7, a Varnish 4.x version is available in the EPEL Repository.\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.fedoraproject.org\/pub\/epel\/7\/x86_64\/repoview\/varnish.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dl.fedoraproject.org\/pub\/epel\/7\/x86_64\/repoview\/varnish.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>More details about the installation can be found here:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>for version 3.x:\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/installation\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/installation\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>for version 4.x here:\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/installation\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/4.0\/installation\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"configuration\"><\/span><span id=\"Konfiguration\" class=\"mw-headline\">configuration<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is a separate configuration language called VCL (Varnish Configuration Language).\u00a0With this the Varnish cache is configured, then translated into binary code and executed for the incoming Web requests.\u00a0Normally one finds the standard configuration in\u00a0<code>\/etc\/varnish\/default.vcl<\/code>.\u00a0If the website to be accelerated uses cookies, the default configuration of Varnish must be adjusted in any case.\u00a0Only then is data cached by Varnish.\u00a0For further understanding of VCL, the following document should be read:\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/tutorial\/vcl.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/tutorial\/vcl.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Even though a page contains mostly dynamic content, image, stylesheet and javascript files can almost always be cached.\u00a0In addition, dynamic pages can also be cached.\u00a0This works with Edge Side Includes (ESI).\u00a0This will set specific &#8220;&lt;esi: include &#8230;&#8221;&gt; tags, which content of a website can change dynamically and how long they should be cached.<\/p>\n<p>The Varnish Daemon itself is usually adapted via its own distribution-specific file.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Debian \/ Ubuntu:\u00a0<code>\/etc\/default\/varnish<\/code><\/li>\n<li>RHEL \/ CentOS:\u00a0<code>\/etc\/sysconfig\/varnish<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Among other things, it specifies on which IP and port the Varnish should listen and whether volatile memory (type &#8220;malloc&#8221;) or persistent memory (type &#8220;file&#8221;) should be used.<\/p>\n<p>To get started, the Varnish Tutorial is available at:\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/tutorial\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/docs\/3.0\/tutorial\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>More in-depth details can be found in the wiki:\u00a0<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/wiki\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org\/wiki\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"statistics\"><\/span><span id=\"Statistik\" class=\"mw-headline\">statistics<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Varnish includes some statistics tools.<\/p>\n<p>Using\u00a0<b>varnishhist you<\/b>\u00a0can graphically display how many requests show cache hits and how many are passed on to the backend.\u00a0You can also see the respective response times in seconds on the x-axis (eg: 1e-1 -&gt; 0.37 seconds, 1e-5 -&gt; 0.0067 seconds)<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image fancybox\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thomas-krenn.com\/de\/wiki\/Datei%3AVarnishhist.png?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thomas-krenn.com\/de\/wikiDE\/images\/0\/09\/Varnishhist.png?resize=669%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Varnishhist.png\" width=\"669\" height=\"427\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Using\u00a0<b>varnishstat<\/b>\u00a0you can display detailed access statistics.\u00a0Especially interesting is the cache hit rate.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image fancybox\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thomas-krenn.com\/de\/wiki\/Datei%3AVarnishstat.png?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thomas-krenn.com\/de\/wikiDE\/images\/a\/a9\/Varnishstat.png?resize=347%2C198&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Varnishstat.png\" width=\"347\" height=\"198\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reload_the_Varnish_configuration\"><\/span><span id=\"Reload_der_Varnish_Konfiguration\" class=\"mw-headline\">Reload the Varnish configuration<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To reload the Varnish configuration Debian includes a script.<\/p>\n<pre>\/ Usr \/ share \/ varnish \/ reload vcl\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Varnish\u00a0is a web accelerator (reverse proxy), which provides relief for the actual web server (the backend).\u00a0It has been designed from the ground up just for this use, unlike traditional proxies (eg Squid). The project website can be found here:\u00a0http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org installation Varnish is part of Debian (Wheezy: Version 3.0.2) and Ubuntu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[60,58,59],"class_list":["post-1311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledgebase","category-tutorial-how-to","tag-caching","tag-varnish","tag-web-accelerator"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=2628%2C650&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ISfL-l9","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":670,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/comparing-oss-centos-ubuntu-or-debian\/","url_meta":{"origin":1311,"position":0},"title":"Comparing OSs &#8212; CentOS, Ubuntu or Debian?","author":"Daniel Draga","date":"September 28, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"CentOS \u009ewhich stands for Community Enterprise Operating System, is the result of a group of open source contributors and users working together to develop Linux solutions that are freely available to users who do not require a great deal of commercial support to achieve their goal. \u009eCentOS dedicated servers were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Knowledgebase&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/centos-debian-ubuntu-06.png?fit=400%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3300,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/install-varnish-cache-for-apache-on-centos\/","url_meta":{"origin":1311,"position":1},"title":"Install Varnish Cache for Apache on CentOS","author":"George B.","date":"April 23, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Varnish Cache is a popular caching solution that can be used to speed up the delivery of content on your web server. It works by caching frequently accessed content in memory so that subsequent requests can be served from the cache instead of being processed by the web server. 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In today's fast-paced software development world, Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI\/CD) have become crucial practices for ensuring\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tutorials&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/How-to-build-a-CI-CD-Pipeline-with-Jenkins-on-Ubuntu.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/How-to-build-a-CI-CD-Pipeline-with-Jenkins-on-Ubuntu.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/How-to-build-a-CI-CD-Pipeline-with-Jenkins-on-Ubuntu.png?fit=600%2C330&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1353,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/fio\/","url_meta":{"origin":1311,"position":3},"title":"Fio","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"February 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Learn about Fio: Fio Fio Basics Compile Fio Visualize Fio Logs with fio2gnuplot What is Fio? 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Plesk is a commercial web hosting and server data center automation software developed for Linux and Windows-based retail hosting service providers. Plesk Minimum Requirements The minimum amount of RAM required for installing and running Plesk on Linux is 1 GB + 1 GB swap. On Windows \u2013\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tutorials&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1200px-Logo_Plesk.svg_.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1200px-Logo_Plesk.svg_.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1200px-Logo_Plesk.svg_.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1200px-Logo_Plesk.svg_.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1200px-Logo_Plesk.svg_.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1223,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/create-your-own-apt-repository-with-reprepro-on-ubuntu\/","url_meta":{"origin":1311,"position":5},"title":"Create your own apt repository with reprepro on Ubuntu","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"November 2, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"With\u00a0reprepro\u00a0simple own\u00a0package repositories\u00a0can be created and managed.\u00a0The tool is located in the Ubuntu repositories and can be used to provide\u00a0your own packages\u00a0or to mirror existing repositories.\u00a0This article introduces reprepro and shows the structure of a simple repos on\u00a0Ubuntu Server.\u00a0For situations where complete repositories should be mirrored for deployment in their\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tutorials&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/deploying-with-super-cow-powers-hosting-your-own-apt-repository-with-reprepro-8-638.jpg?fit=638%2C479&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/deploying-with-super-cow-powers-hosting-your-own-apt-repository-with-reprepro-8-638.jpg?fit=638%2C479&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/deploying-with-super-cow-powers-hosting-your-own-apt-repository-with-reprepro-8-638.jpg?fit=638%2C479&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1313,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311\/revisions\/1313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}