{"id":1045,"date":"2017-09-27T12:50:54","date_gmt":"2017-09-27T09:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/community.virtono.com\/?p=1045"},"modified":"2017-09-25T12:51:30","modified_gmt":"2017-09-25T09:51:30","slug":"debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"Debian And Debian Packaging Tutorial"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Debian\" title=\"Debian\">Debian<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Debian_packages\" title=\"Debian packages\">Debian packages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#The_Deb_package_format\" title=\"The Deb package format\">The Deb package format<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Prerequisites\" title=\"Prerequisites\">Prerequisites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Example_rebuilding_dash\" title=\"Example: rebuilding dash\">Example: rebuilding dash<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Source_packages\" title=\"Source packages\">Source packages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Creating_a_basic_source_package\" title=\"Creating a basic source package\">Creating a basic source package<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/debian-and-debian-packaging-tutorial\/#Files_in_Debian\" title=\"Files in Debian\">Files in Debian<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Debian\"><\/span>Debian<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0GNU\/Linux distribution<\/li>\n<li>\u00a01st major distro developed \u201copenly in the spirit of GNU\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Non-commercial, built collaboratively by over 1,000 volunteers<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Amateur in the best sense: done for the love of it<\/li>\n<li>\u00a03 main features:<\/li>\n<li>\n<table style=\"height: 52px\" width=\"723\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Quality<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Freedom<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Independence<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>culture of technical excellence<br \/>\nWe release when it\u2019s ready<\/td>\n<td>devs and users bound by the Social Contract<br \/>\nPromoting the culture of Free Software since 1993<\/td>\n<td>no (single) company babysitting Debian<br \/>\nAnd open decision-making process (do-ocracy + democracy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Debian_packages\"><\/span>Debian packages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00a0.deb<\/strong> files (binary packages)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0A very powerful and convenient way to distribute software to users<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0One of the two most common package formats (with RPM)<\/li>\n<li>Universal:\n<ul>\n<li>30,000 binary packages in Debian<br \/>\n\u2192 most of the available free software is packaged in Debian!<\/li>\n<li>For 12 ports (architectures), including 2 non-Linux (Hurd; KFreeBSD)<\/li>\n<li>Also used by 120 Debian derivative distributions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Deb_package_format\"><\/span>The Deb package format<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0.deb file: an ar archive\n<ul>\n<li>$ ar tv wget_1 .12 -2.1 _i386 . deb<br \/>\nrw -r &#8211;r &#8212; 0\/0 4 Sep 5 15:43 2010 debian &#8211; binary<br \/>\nrw -r &#8211;r &#8212; 0\/0 2403 Sep 5 15:43 2010 control . tar . gz<br \/>\nrw -r &#8211;r &#8212; 0\/0 751613 Sep 5 15:43 2010 data . tar . gz<\/li>\n<li>debian-binary: version of the deb file format, &#8220;2.0\\n&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>control.tar.gz: metadata about the package<br \/>\ncontrol, md5sums, (pre|post)(rm|inst), triggers, shlibs, . . .<\/li>\n<li>data.tar.gz: data files of the package<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>You could create your .deb files manually<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/tldp.org\/HOWTO\/html_single\/Debian-Binary-Package-Building-HOWTO\/<\/li>\n<li>But most people don\u2019t do it that way<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prerequisites\"><\/span>Prerequisites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A Debian (or Ubuntu) system (with root access)<\/li>\n<li>Some packages:\n<ul>\n<li>build-essential: has dependencies on the packages that will be<br \/>\nassumed to be available on the developer\u2019s machine (no need to<br \/>\nspecify them in the Build-Depends: control field of your package)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>includes a dependency on dpkg-dev, which contains basic<br \/>\nDebian-specific tools to create packages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>devscripts: contains many useful scripts for Debian maintainers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Many other tools will also be mentioned later, such as debhelper, cdbs, quilt,<br \/>\npbuilder, sbuild, lintian, svn-buildpackage, git-buildpackage, . . .<br \/>\nInstall them when you need them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_rebuilding_dash\"><\/span>Example: rebuilding dash<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Install packages needed to build dash, and devscripts<br \/>\nsudo apt-get build-dep dash<br \/>\n(requires deb-src lines in \/etc\/apt\/sources.list)<br \/>\nsudo apt-get install &#8211;no-install-recommends devscripts<br \/>\nfakeroot<\/li>\n<li>2 Create a working directory, and get in it:<br \/>\nmkdir \/tmp\/debian-tutorial ; cd \/tmp\/debian-tutorial<\/li>\n<li>Grab the dash source package<br \/>\napt-get source dash<br \/>\n(This needs you to have deb-src lines in your \/etc\/apt\/sources.list)<\/li>\n<li>Build the package<br \/>\ncd dash-*<br \/>\ndebuild -us -uc (-us -uc disables signing the package with GPG)<\/li>\n<li>Check that it worked<br \/>\nI There are some new .deb files in the parent directory<\/li>\n<li>Look at the debian\/ directory<br \/>\nI That\u2019s where the packaging work is done<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_packages\"><\/span>Source packages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>One source package can generate several binary packages<br \/>\ne.g. the libtar source generates the libtar0 and libtar-dev binary packages<\/li>\n<li>Two kinds of packages: (if unsure, use non-native)<br \/>\nI Native packages: normally for Debian specific software (dpkg, apt)<br \/>\nI Non-native packages: software developed outside Debian<\/li>\n<li>Main file: .dsc (meta-data)<\/li>\n<li>Other files depending on the version of the source format<br \/>\nI 1.0 or 3.0 (native): package_version.tar.gz<br \/>\nI 1.0 (non-native):<br \/>\nI pkg_ver.orig.tar.gz: upstream source<br \/>\nI pkg_debver.diff.gz: patch to add Debian-specific changes<br \/>\nI 3.0 (quilt):<br \/>\nI pkg_ver.orig.tar.gz: upstream source<br \/>\nI pkg_debver.debian.tar.gz: tarball with the Debian changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_a_basic_source_package\"><\/span>Creating a basic source package<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Download the upstream source<br \/>\n(upstream source = the one from the software\u2019s original developers)<\/li>\n<li>Rename to _.orig.tar.gz (example: simgrid_3.6.orig.tar.gz)<\/li>\n<li>Untar it<\/li>\n<li>Rename the directory to &#8211; (example: simgrid-3.6)<\/li>\n<li>cd &#8211; &amp;&amp; dh_make (from the dh-make package)<\/li>\n<li>There are some alternatives to dh_make for specific sets of packages:<br \/>\ndh-make-perl, dh-make-php, . . .<\/li>\n<li>debian\/ directory created, with a lot of files in it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Files_in_Debian\"><\/span>Files in Debian<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>All the packaging work should be made by modifying files in debian\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Main files:<br \/>\nI control \u2013 meta-data about the package (dependencies, etc.)<br \/>\nI rules \u2013 specifies how to build the package<br \/>\nI copyright \u2013 copyright information for the package<br \/>\nI changelog \u2013 history of the Debian package<\/li>\n<li>Other files:<br \/>\nI compat<br \/>\nI watch<br \/>\nI dh_install* targets<br \/>\n*.dirs, *.docs, *.manpages, . . .<br \/>\nI maintainer scripts<br \/>\n*.postinst, *.prerm, . . .<br \/>\nI source\/format<br \/>\nI patches\/ \u2013 if you need to modify the upstream sources<\/li>\n<li>Several files use a format based on RFC 822 (mail headers)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Debian \u00a0GNU\/Linux distribution \u00a01st major distro developed \u201copenly in the spirit of GNU\u201d \u00a0Non-commercial, built collaboratively by over 1,000 volunteers \u00a0Amateur in the best sense: done for the love of it \u00a03 main features: Quality Freedom Independence culture of technical excellence We release when it\u2019s ready devs and users bound<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledgebase","category-tutorial-how-to"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/softWaves_wiki_banner_v3.png?fit=680%2C340&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7ISfL-gR","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":670,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/comparing-oss-centos-ubuntu-or-debian\/","url_meta":{"origin":1045,"position":0},"title":"Comparing OSs &#8212; CentOS, Ubuntu or Debian?","author":"Daniel Draga","date":"September 28, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"CentOS \u009ewhich stands for Community Enterprise Operating System, is the result of a group of open source contributors and users working together to develop Linux solutions that are freely available to users who do not require a great deal of commercial support to achieve their goal. \u009eCentOS dedicated servers were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Knowledgebase&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/centos-debian-ubuntu-06.png?fit=400%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2164,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/knowledgebase\/manage-linux-package-managers-with-the-shell\/","url_meta":{"origin":1045,"position":1},"title":"Manage 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Installing and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Knowledgebase&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/installing-linux-apps-package.png?fit=640%2C412&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/installing-linux-apps-package.png?fit=640%2C412&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/installing-linux-apps-package.png?fit=640%2C412&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1311,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/varnish-web-accelerator\/","url_meta":{"origin":1045,"position":2},"title":"Varnish Web accelerator","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"January 12, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Varnish\u00a0is a web accelerator (reverse proxy), which provides relief for the actual web server (the backend).\u00a0It has been designed from the ground up just for this use, unlike traditional proxies (eg Squid). The project website can be found here:\u00a0http:\/\/www.varnish-cache.org installation Varnish is part of Debian (Wheezy: Version 3.0.2) and Ubuntu\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Knowledgebase&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/knowledgebase\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=1200%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=1200%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=1200%2C297&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=1200%2C297&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/varnishcache_rgb-gimp2-alpha.png?fit=1200%2C297&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1345,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/samba-sharing-with-authentication\/","url_meta":{"origin":1045,"position":3},"title":"Samba sharing with authentication","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"February 22, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Complementing a simple Samba release, this article shows how to\u00a0create a username and password based Samba share\u00a0using a\u00a0Debian\u00a08 based system.\u00a0Ubuntu\u00a016.04 and Windows 10 are used\u00a0as client software for testing the connection\u00a0. \u00a0 Installation and configuration on the Debian server These following sections show the necessary configuration steps on the Debian\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tutorials&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Samba-Schema.gif?fit=450%2C300&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1156,"url":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/tutorial-how-to\/ssh-root-forbid-login-under-debian\/","url_meta":{"origin":1045,"position":4},"title":"SSH root forbid login under Debian","author":"Shreyash Sharma","date":"October 23, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"If you want to ban direct SSH root login on Debian, you need at least one additional user who can log on to the server, in addition to the root user.\u00a0Use this user to change to the root account. 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If you're keen on big data processing, you've likely come across Apache Spark, a powerful open-source unified\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tutorials&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tutorials","link":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/category\/tutorial-how-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-Install-Apache-Spark-on-Debian.png?fit=360%2C240&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1045"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1048,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions\/1048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.virtono.com\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}